Interactions that influence the binding of synthetic heparan sulfate based disaccharides to fibroblast growth factor-2.

Heparan sulfate (HS) is a linear sulfated polysaccharide that mediates protein activities at the cell-extracellular interface. Its interactions with proteins depend on the complex patterns of sulfonations and sugar residues. Previously, we synthesized all 48 potential disaccharides found in HS and used them for affinity screening and X-ray structural analysis with fibroblast growth factor-1 (FGF1).

Biological decolorization of dye solution containing malachite green by Pandoraea pulmonicola YC32 using a batch and continuous system.

In our study, we have isolated a relatively newly identified bacteria species, Pandoraea pulmonicola YC32, and first assessed its capability to treat malachite green (MG). The effects of various factors on decolorization efficiency were investigated in a batch system. The decolorization efficiency was found to be optimal within a pH of 7-10 and it increased, with increasing initial MG concentration up to 100 mg/l.