Beyond the smart city: a typology of platform urbanism.

Platform urbanism has emerged in recent years as an area of research into the ways in which digital platforms are increasingly central to the governance, economy, experience, and understanding of the city. In the paper, we argue that platform urbanism is an evolution of the smart city, constituted by novel, digitally-enabled socio-technical assemblages that enable new forms of social, economic and political intermediation. We offer a typological framework for a better conceptualization of platform urbanism and its complex socio-economic relationships.

Porous titanium oxynitride sheets as electrochemical electrodes for energy storage.

A flexible, porous TiOxNy sheet consisting of numerous conductive fibers was synthesized by nitridation of titanate and further used as an electrochemical electrode. The high surface area and mixed-oxidation state of titanium make TiOxNy sheets to be promising candidates for a good supercapacitor.

Growth of pagoda-topped tetragonal copper nanopillar arrays.

Growth of arrays of pagoda-topped tetragonal Cu nanopillar (length 1- 6 mum; width 150 +/- 25 nm) with {100} side faces on Au/glass is achieved by a simple electrochemical reduction of CuCl(2)(aq) by Al(s) in aqueous dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride. Field-emission measurement shows that the Cu nanopillars can emit electrons (10 muA cm(-2)) at a turn-on field of 12.4 V mum(-1) with a calculated field enhancement factor of 713.