The possible role of epigenetics in the etiology of hypospadias.

Introduction: Hypospadias is a common malformation of the genitourinary system and is thought with a complex interplay between genetics and environmental factors likely contributing to its pathogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the receptor gene expressions of sex hormones, FGFR2, FGF8 and BMP7 and DNA methylations in these genes as an epigenetic mark, which may play a role in the etiology of hypospadias.

Material And Methods: The samples from the foreskin of 20 patients with hypospadias and 20 healthy children who underwent circumcision operations were collected.

Effect of salt, alkali and combined stresses on root system architecture and ion profiling in a diverse panel of oat ( spp.).

The co-occurrence of salinisation and alkalisation is quite frequent in problematic soils and poses an immediate threat to food, feed and nutritional security. In the present study, root system architectural traits (RSAs) and ion profiling were evaluated in 21 genotypes of Avena species to understand the effect of salinity-alkalinity stress. The oat genotypes were grown on germination paper and 5-day-old seedlings were transferred to a hydroponic system for up to 30days.

Learning curve in relation to radiation exposure, procedure duration and complications rate for Minimally Invasive Chevron Akin (MICA) osteotomy.

Background: Minimally invasive chevron Akin osteotomy (MICA) has become increasingly common and is compatible with the traditional open approaches for hallux valgus correction. However, it is impeded by concerns regarding the steep learning curve, increased radiation exposure and some specific complications. No standardized method for identifying a learning curve exists.

Long-Term Hyperglycemia Impairs Hormonal Balance and Induces Oxidative Damage in Ovaries of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Wistar Rat.

Reproductive dysfunction following insulin deficiency in Diabetes Mellitus has been well reported among diabetic patients. However, the mechanism through which Diabetes alters reproductive function remains oblivion. While most studies have focused on diabetes mellitus in male subjects, there have been cases on altered reproductive functions in females.