Castration anxiety and phobias.

Based on Freud's case study of "Little Hans," the authors tested the hypothesis that men with phobias would score higher on castration anxiety than men without phobias. College men with either average or high scores on the Fears Scale of the MMPI-2 (n = 10 men in each group) responded to the Thematic Apperception Test, which was scored for castration anxiety. Men with high scores on the Fears Scale had higher scores on castration anxiety than men with average scores on the Fears Scale.

2-Halopropionic acid-induced cerebellar granule cell necrosis in the rat: in vivo and in vitro studies.

Daily oral administration of 2.3 mmol/kg L-2-chloropropionic acid (L-2-CPA), DL-2-bromopropionic acid (2-BPA) or DL-2-iodopropionic acid (2-/PA) but not DL-2-fluoropropionic acid (2-FPA) produced cerebellar granule cell necrosis in the rat. Twenty four hours after three doses of L-2-CPA or two doses of 2-BPA, animals showed clinical signs of motor incoordination and reduced hindlimb function which was associated with marked cerebellar oedema and cerebellar granule cell necrosis.

The effect of postnatal age on L-2-chloropropionic acid-induced cerebellar granule cell necrosis in the rat.

L-2-Chloropropionic acid (L-2-CPA) selectively damages the cerebellum in adult rats. The rat cerebellum continues to develop postnatally during the first 4 weeks of life. In this study we examined the neurotoxic effect on rats of increasing postnatal age.

The absence of cerebellar granule cell necrosis in the mouse following L-2-chloropropionic acid administration.

Oral administration of L-2-chloropropionic acid (L-CPA) to rats either as a single dose (750 mg/kg) or daily doses (250 mg/kg per day for 3 days) produces selective necrosis to the granule cell layer of the cerebellum. As part of a study to understand the mechanism of this selective toxicity, we investigated the toxicity of L-CPA and a related analogue, DL-2-bromopropionic acid to the mouse with particular emphasis on the brain. Following a single oral dose (up to 1000 mg/kg), or daily oral doses of 250 mg/kg per day L-CPA up to maximum tolerated doses, produced no evidence of neurotoxicity.

Neuroprotection afforded by MK-801 against L-2-chloropropionic acid-induced cerebellar granule cell necrosis in the rat.

Administration of a single oral dose of 750 mg/kg L-2-chloropropionic acid (L-CPA) to rats produces marked necrosis to the granule cell layer of the cerebellum by 48 h after dosing. Associated with the neuropathology the rats show locomotor impairment and a loss of body weight and a significant increase in cerebellar water and sodium content, indicating an oedematous reaction. Cerebellar aspartate and glutamate concentrations were reduced, while glycine and glutamine concentrations were increased after this treatment.