Polymorphisms of vascular endothelial growth factor-2578C/A rs699947 are risk factors for diabetic retinopathy in type-2 diabetes mellitus patients in Bali, Indonesia.

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the complications in diabetes mellitus (DM) which caused by microvascular-damage in the retina due to long termmetabolic changes in diabetes. To date, there has been much research targeted on the determinant of genetic identification in DR patients. In DR, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) gene is accountable for breaking down the blood-retinal barrier and implicated in the role of neovascularization.