Estimation of regional soil organic carbon stocks merging classified land-use information with detailed soil data.

The Kulunda Steppe in southwestern Siberia is one of the most intensely used agricultural landscapes in the world. Today it is characterized by depletive soil management practices and intensities that are unadapted to the local site conditions. Severe soil degradation and a loss of soil organic carbon (SOC) occurs at agriculturally used areas.

Discovery of multi-megabase polymorphic inversions by chromosome conformation capture sequencing in large-genome plant species.

Chromosomal inversions occur in natural populations of many species, and may underlie reproductive isolation and local adaptation. Traditional methods of inversion discovery are labor-intensive and lack sensitivity. Here, we report the use of three-dimensional contact probabilities between genomic loci as assayed by chromosome-conformation capture sequencing (Hi-C) to detect multi-megabase polymorphic inversions in four barley genotypes.

Tethered Chromosome Conformation Capture Sequencing in Triticeae: A Valuable Tool for Genome Assembly.

Chromosome conformation capture sequencing (Hi-C) is a powerful method to comprehensively interrogate the three-dimensional positioning of chromatin in the nucleus. The development of Hi-C can be traced back to successive increases in the resolution and throughput of chromosome conformation capture (3C) ( Dekker , 2002 ). The basic workflow of 3C consists of (i) fixation of intact chromatin, usually by formaldehyde, (ii) cutting the fixed chromatin with a restriction enzyme, (iii) religation of sticky ends under diluted conditions to favor ligations between cross-linked fragments or those between random fragments and (iv) quantifying the number of ligations events between pairs of genomic loci (de Wit and de Laat, 2012).

Macrophakia in three cats.

This report describes three cases of bilateral macrophakia in 3-, 5-, and 9-year-old cats, respectively. All cats were presented because of visual deficits. Ophthalmic examination revealed macrophakia (the vitreous was replaced by the lens) and retinal changes (tapetal hyper-reflectivity, attenuation of retinal vessels, and retinal folds) in all cats.

Posterior segment diseases.

Diseases of the vitreous, fundus and optic nerve are described and illustrated according to their ophthalmological appearance. Vitreal alterations are commonly of developmental, degenerative, age related, traumatic or inflammatory origin and of minor clinical relevance. In contrast, those affecting the fundus, may be accompanied by visual deficits or blindness.