THE EFFECTS OF 5-AZA-2'-DEOXYCYTIDINE (D-AZA) ON SONIC HEDGEHOG EXPRESSION IN MOUSE EMBRYONIC LIMB BUDS.

5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (d-AZA) causes temporally-related defects in the mouse. At 1.0 mg/kg on gestational day (GD) 10, d-AZA causes hindlimb phocomelia.

Host and bacterial factors in listeriosis pathogenesis.

Members of the Genus Listeria are ubiquitous environmental saprophytic microorganisms. If ingested they can cause a severe disseminated disease (listeriosis) that has a high mortality rate, the highest of any food-borne pathogen, even with antibiotic therapy. Central to the high mortality rate is the hallmark characteristic of the microorganism to grow intracellularly.

Pathology of end-stage remodeling in a family of cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

End-stage hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (ES-HCM), affecting 5-10% of human hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients, is characterized by relative thinning of the ventricular walls and septum with dilation of the ventricular lumen, decreased fractional shortening, and progression to heart failure. C. J.

Hyperglycemia-induced TGFbeta and fibronectin expression in embryonic mouse heart.

Cardiovascular defects are common in diabetic offspring, but their etiology and pathogenesis are poorly understood. Extracellular matrix accumulates in adult tissues in response to hyperglycemia, and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF beta1) likely mediates this effect. The objective of this study was to characterize TGF beta expression in the organogenesis-stage mouse heart and to evaluate TGF beta and fibronectin expression in embryonic mouse heart exposed to hyperglycemia.

In vivo hyperglycemia and its effect on Glut-1 expression in the embryonic heart.

Background: Maternal diabetes exposes embryos to periods of hyperglycemia. Glucose is important for normal cardiogenesis, and Glut-1 is the predominant glucose transporter in the embryo.

Methods: Pregnant mice were exposed to 6 or 12 hr hyperglycemia during organogenesis using intraperitoneal (IP) injections of D-glucose on gestational day (GD) 9.