SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination induces an antigen-specific T cell response correlating with plasma interferon-gamma in B cell depleted patients.

Emerging evidence is encouraging and suggests that a substantial proportion of patients without antibody responses (due to anti-CD20 therapy or other etiologies) to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines develop T cell responses. However, antigen-specific T cellular responses are notoriously difficult to assess clinically, given the lack of such assays under satisfactory CAP/CLIA regulation, and the laborious nature of the flow cytometric assessment. To evaluate the ability to apply a clinically feasible assay to measure T cellular responses to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination, we compared flow cytometric and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based assays in 24 participants treated with anti-CD20 therapy.

The need for fast and accurate detection of dermatomycosis.

Dermatomycosis of the hair, skin, or nails is one of the most common fungal infections worldwide. Beyond permanent damage to the affected area, the risk of severe dermatomycosis in immunocompromised people can be life-threatening. The potential risk of delayed or improper treatment highlights the need for a rapid and accurate diagnosis.

Clinical and Autoantibody Associations in Antinuclear Antibody-Positive Systemic Sclerosis Lacking Prototypic Autoantibodies.

Background/objectives:: The subset of ANA-positive patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) who lack prototypic SSc-specific autoantibodies (centromere, topoisomerase, RNA polymerase III, “triple negative SSc”) is poorly characterized. We assessed clinical features and prevalence of additional autoantibodies in these patients.

Methods:: In this case series patients with ANA+ and triple negative SSc antibodies were identified from two independent SSc cohorts (n=280) and demographic and clinical data were obtained over two years.

Serological Biomarkers and Their Detection in Autoimmune Bullous Skin Diseases.

Autoimmune bullous diseases (AIBDs) are a group of skin-related disorders that involve damage to structures maintaining cell-cell adhesion, such as desmosomes and hemidesmosomes. Key AIBDs include pemphigus related diseases, pemphigoid related conditions, acquired epidermolysis bullosa (EBA), and dermatitis herpetiformis (DH). Each group of conditions exhibits characteristic clinical lesion patterns and is associated with specific autoantibodies targeting epidermal and dermal structures involved in cell-cell adhesion and skin integrity.