Challenging tumour immunological techniques that help to track cancer stem cells in malignant melanomas and other solid tumours.

Aim Of The Study: The arsenal of questions and answers about the minor cancer initiating cancer stem cell (CSC) population put responsible for cancer invasiveness and metastases, has left with an unsolved puzzle. Specific aims of a complex project were partly focused on revealing new biomarkers of cancer. We designed and set up novel techniques to facilitate the detection of cancerous cells.

[Need for developing a new strategy in the follow-up of colorectal cancer patients; the micro RNAs (miRNAs), as potential new biomarkers of early detection].

In the mortality statistics of European countries colorectal cancers are known to assume the 2nd place after lung cancer. The mortality indices are particularly unfavourable in Hungary. Early detection is therefore of vital importance to the patient either the detection of the primary or recurrence after successful surgery is concerned.

[Recurrent acral lentigous melanoma successfully treated with Mohs' micrographic surgery. Case report and review of the literature].

Mohs' micrographic surgery is an approach to selected skin cancer removal that aims to achieve the best prospect of total tumor excision simultaneously with maximal functional and cosmetic preservation. The advantage of the technique is that 100% of the surgical margin of the specimen, including the periphery and deep surface, can be examined intraoperatively by horizontally oriented frozen sections. This method offers cure rates significantly higher than conventional excision or other modalities.

[Long-term experience with therapy of a female patient with Gardner's syndrome, first presenting with extra-abdominal desmoid tumor, and review of the literature].

Gardner's syndrome is a clinical subgroup of familial adenomatous polyposis, an autosomal dominant disease. It is characterized by gastrointestinal polyps and extra-intestinal manifestations including multiple osteomas, skin and soft tissue tumours. Aggressive desmoid tumours can be very difficult to manage in patients with Gardner's syndrome.

[Significance of endoscopic biopsy and cytology in the diagnosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma].

We have tested the role and significance of histology combined with cytology in the diagnosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinomas. Biopsy specimens and samples for cytological smear were taken by a fiberoptic flexible endoscope. In order to minimise the loss of biological sample, the residue from the brush was removed with rinsing fluid.