Block synthesis of Forssman pentasaccharide GalNAcα1-3GalNAcβ1-3Galα1-4Galβ1-4Glcβ in the form of 3-aminopropyl glycoside.

A total chemical synthesis of spacer-armed Forssman pentasaccharide is reported. The choice of the 2(donor) + 3(acceptor) block scheme, the optimal combination of a limited number of simple protecting groups and the sequence of deprotection steps allowed to achieve the high yield and stereoselectivity of glycosylation and to avoid losses during deprotection. The target pentasaccharide was obtained in a 10-mg scale.

Histone H3 N-terminal recognition by the PHD finger of PHRF1 is required for proper DNA damage response.

Plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers are critical effectors of histone post-translational modifications (PTMs), acting as regulators of gene expression and genome integrity, and frequently presenting in human disease. While most PHD fingers recognize unmodified and methylated states of histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4), the specific functions of many of the over 100 PHD finger-containing proteins in humans remain poorly understood, despite their significant implications in disease processes. In this study, we undertook a comprehensive analysis of one such poorly characterized PHD finger-containing protein, PHRF1.

Antigen Presentation in an Artificial and Cell Membrane: Blood Group A Glycan Recognition.

Glycosphingolipids (GSL) are functionally important components of the cell membrane and recognition of their glycan "head" by the immune system is a key part of normal and pathological processes. Recognition of glycolipid antigens on a living cell, their structure, "context" (microenvironment and clustering), presentation including orientation and distance from the plasma membrane, as well as molecular dynamics are important. GSL antigens are targets for the development of anticancer vaccines and therapeutic antibodies, therefore, control of the presentation of their glycans by synthetic methods opens up new possibilities in medicine.

Cannula Implantation Reduces the Severity of the Beta Amyloid Effect on Peroxidized Lipids and Glutathione Levels in the Brain of BALB/c Mice.

Sporadic Alzheimer's disease (sAD) is the most common of neurodegenerative disorders. The lack of effective therapy indicates that the mechanisms of sAD development remain poorly understood. To investigate this pathology in animals, intracerebroventricular injection of β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) using a Hamilton syringe, either during stereotactic surgery or through a pre-implanted cannula, is used.

Naturally-occurring nematicides of plant origin: two decades of novel chemistries.

Plant-parasitic nematodes are among the most destructive plant pathogens, resulting in a global annual economic loss of about 358 billion dollars. Using synthetic nematicides to control plant-parasitic nematodes has resulted in broad-spectrum toxicity to the environment. Plant-derived secondary metabolites have recently emerged as viable options that provide effective, greener, and renewable routes for managing plant-parasitic nematodes in various cropping systems.