Estriol in formation of mononuclear cells tolerogenic features.

Estriol (E) is one of hormones whose synthesis is mainly associated with pregnancy. The hormone can also regulate immune cells functions. E influence on monocyte indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1) activity and Treg and NK cells' markers expression was investigated.

Estriol and commensal microflora strains regulate innate lymphoid cells functional activity in multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune neurodegenerative disease in which the immune system attacks myelin basic protein of nerve axons. Recently, there has been growing interest in studying the role of a newly described population of immunity cells - innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in the pathogenesis of the disease. At the same time, it was found that during pregnancy there is a weakening of Th1-mediated autoimmune pathologies manifestations, including MS.

Differentiation of T cells producing interleukin-17 (Th17) against the background of exogenous melatonin during pregnancy.

The population of T lymphocytes producing IL-17 (Th17) plays a dual role during pregnancy and its activity is tightly controlled during this period. One of the factors involved in this process may be the pineal hormone melatonin, which can effectively regulate this T cell population. Here we have shown that exogenous melatonin in pharmacological concentrations is able to enhance the differentiation of Th17 cells of pregnant women in vitro.

Interaction of Neutrophils and Biofilm Formed by Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Strains with Different Pathogenic Potential.

The biofilm formation by uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) allows bacteria to avoid the influence of the host immune system that determines the pathogenesis of persistent urinary tract infections. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the mutual influence of neutrophils and biofilms formed by UPEC with different set of virulence-associated genes (VAGs).

Cryptic Diversity in Revealed with a Polyphasic Approach.

(Ciliophora) systematics is well studied, and about twenty morphological species have been described. The morphological species may include several genetic species. However, molecular phylogenetic analyses revealed that the species diversity within could be even higher and has raised a problem of cryptic species whose statuses remain uncertain.