Characterization of CoCas9 nuclease from .

Cas9 nucleases are widely used for genome editing and engineering. Cas9 enzymes encoded by CRISPR-Cas defence systems of various prokaryotic organisms possess different properties such as target site preferences, size, and DNA cleavage efficiency. Here, we biochemically characterized CoCas9 from , a bacterium that inhabits the oral cavity of humans and contributes to plaque formation on teeth.

Modified Estrogen-Progesterone Induction Method of Mammary Gland Hyperplasia in Rats.

In female Wistar rats, mammary gland hyperplasia (MGH) was modeled according to a modified protocol involving estrogen-progesterone induction and taking into account the duration of the estrous cycle of this animal species. MGH was induced over four 7-day cycles; each cycle included subcutaneous administration of 17β-estradiol (0.5 mg/kg) for 4 days, injection of progesterone (5 mg/kg) on day 5, then 2 days without injections.

SpCas9- and LbCas12a-Mediated DNA Editing Produce Different Gene Knockout Outcomes in Zebrafish Embryos.

CRISPR/Cas (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/CRISPR associated protein) genome editing is a powerful technology widely used in current genetic research. In the most simple and straightforward way it can be applied for a gene knockout resulting from repair errors, induced by dsDNA cleavage by Cas nuclease. For decades, zebrafish () has been known as a convenient model object of developmental biology.

Correction to: Evolutionarily novel genes are expressed in transgenic fish tumors and their orthologs are involved in development of progressive traits in humans.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s13027-019-0262-5.].

Evolutionarily novel genes are expressed in transgenic fish tumors and their orthologs are involved in development of progressive traits in humans.

Abstract: Earlier we suggested a new hypothesis of the possible evolutionary role of hereditary tumors (Kozlov, Evolution by tumor Neofunctionalization, 2014), and described a new class of genes - tumor specifically expressed, evolutionarily novel () genes - that are predicted by this hypothesis (Kozlov, Infect Agents Cancer 11:34, 2016). In this paper we studied evolutionarily novel genes expressed in fish tumors after regression, as a model of evolving organs. As evolutionarily novel genes may not yet have organismal functions, we studied the acquisition of new gene functions by comparing fish evolutionarily novel genes with their human orthologs.