[Informativeness of whole-body diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography with computed tomography in follicular lymphoma].

Aim: This study conducted the possibilities of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of the whole body diffusion WB-MRI (in comparison with positron emission tomography with computed tomography PET/CT) in assessing the volume and prevalence of the tumor, as well as determining bone marrow (BM) damage (for various cytological types) in the diagnosis and staging of the disease in patients with FL.

Materials And Methods: A prospective comparative search study included 15 patients (4 men and 11 women, with a median age of 53 years) with newly diagnosed FL. Patients have not received antitumor chemotherapy previously.

Excitotoxic glutamate causes neuronal insulin resistance by inhibiting insulin receptor/Akt/mTOR pathway.

Aim: An impaired biological response to insulin in the brain, known as central insulin resistance, was identified during stroke and traumatic brain injury, for which glutamate excitotoxicity is a common pathogenic factor. The exact molecular link between excitotoxicity and central insulin resistance remains unclear. To explore this issue, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of glutamate-evoked increases in intracellular free Ca concentrations [Ca] and mitochondrial depolarisations, two key factors associated with excitotoxicity, on the insulin-induced activation of the insulin receptor (IR) and components of the Akt/ mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in primary cultures of rat cortical neurons.

Insulin Protects Cortical Neurons Against Glutamate Excitotoxicity.

Glutamate excitotoxicity is implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases, such as stroke, traumatic brain injury, and Alzheimer's disease, for which insulin resistance is a concomitant condition, and intranasal insulin treatment is believed to be a promising therapy. Excitotoxicity is initiated primarily by the sustained stimulation of ionotropic glutamate receptors and leads to a rise in intracellular Ca ([Ca] ), followed by a cascade of intracellular events, such as delayed calcium deregulation (DCD), mitochondrial depolarization, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) depletion that collectively end in cell death. Therefore, cross-talk between insulin and glutamate signaling in excitotoxicity is of particular interest for research.

Disruption of Functional Activity of Mitochondria during MTT Assay of Viability of Cultured Neurons.

The MTT assay based on the reduction of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium in the cell cytoplasm to a strongly light absorbing formazan is among the most commonly used methods for determination of cell viability and activity of NAD-dependent oxidoreductases. In the present study, the effects of MTT (0.1 mg/ml) on mitochondrial potential (ΔΨ), intracellular NADH, and respiration of cultured rat cerebellum neurons and isolated rat liver mitochondria were investigated.

[Biochemical mechanisms of compensation for unilateral motor disorders of central genesis and their connection with the immune system].

Unilateral impairments of brain led to appearance of posture asymmetry factors (PAF) in central nervous system, which caused asymmetric function of spinal centers and were responsible for asymmetry of limb muscular tension. During compensation symmetrization of muscular tension was followed by inactivation of PAF using developed in central nervous system antifactors which formed complexes with PAF. These factors of inactivation proved to be thermolabile proteins partially involving IgG.