Holographic phase retrieval via Wirtinger flow: Cartesian form with auxiliary amplitude.

We propose a new gradient method for holography, where a phase-only hologram is parameterized by not only the phase but also amplitude. The key idea of our approach is the formulation of a phase-only hologram using an auxiliary amplitude. We optimize the parameters using the so-called Wirtinger flow algorithm in the Cartesian domain, which is a gradient method defined on the basis of the Wirtinger calculus.

Anatomical Study of Sites and Surface Area of the Attachment Region of Tibial Posterior Tendon Attachment.

Background: The purpose of this study was not only to examine the attachment site but also to quantify the effect of the tibialis posterior tendon (TPT) on each attachment site by examining the surface area of the attachment region.

Methods: We examined 100 feet from 50 Japanese cadavers. The TPT attachment to the navicular bone (NB), medial cuneiform bone (MCB), and lateral cuneiform bone (LCB) were set as the main attachment sites (Type I).

Potential factors affecting chronic chemical intolerance associated with constitutional predisposition or lifestyle and environment during childhood: From a six-year follow-up study.

Objective: The Japanese chemical intolerance (JCI) study was conducted in January 2012 with a cohort of 7245 adults from population-based sampling. This study aimed to investigate the childhood constitutional and environmental factors involved in the development of chronic CI from the prospective cohort study.

Methods: In the cohort, 4683 persons were identified after six years.

Ten Years of Collaborative Progress in the Quest for Orthologs.

Accurate determination of the evolutionary relationships between genes is a foundational challenge in biology. Homology-evolutionary relatedness-is in many cases readily determined based on sequence similarity analysis. By contrast, whether or not two genes directly descended from a common ancestor by a speciation event (orthologs) or duplication event (paralogs) is more challenging, yet provides critical information on the history of a gene.