Diurnal decline in the photosynthetic capacity of uppermost leaves in an eggplant canopy grown in a horticultural greenhouse.

Parameters representing leaf photosynthetic capacity, namely, the maximal carboxylation rate ( ), maximal electron transport rate ( ), and triose phosphate-utilization rate ( ), can vary depending on various factors. The present study investigated diurnal variations in , , and of uppermost leaves of soil-grown, well-watered eggplant in a greenhouse based on the simultaneous measurements of leaf gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence. The values of net photosynthetic rates and electron transport rates plotted against intercellular CO concentrations were noticeably higher in the morning than in the afternoon.

Comprehensive Metabolomic Comparison of Five Cereal Vinegars Using Non-Targeted and Chemical Isotope Labeling LC-MS Analysis.

Vinegar is used as an acidic condiment and preservative worldwide. In Asia, various black vinegars are made from different combinations of grains, such as Sichuan bran vinegar (SBV), Shanxi aged vinegar (SAV), Zhenjiang aromatic vinegar (ZAV), and Fujian Monascus vinegar (FMV) in China and Ehime black vinegar in Japan (JBV). Understanding the chemical compositions of different vinegars can provide information about nutritional values and the quality of the taste.

Whole-Genome Sequencing Highlights Conservative Genomic Strategies of a Stress-Tolerant, Long-Lived Scleractinian Coral, Porites australiensis Vaughan, 1918.

Massive corals of the genus Porites, common, keystone reef builders in the Indo-Pacific Ocean, are distinguished by their relative stress tolerance and longevity. In order to identify genetic bases of these attributes, we sequenced the complete genome of a massive coral, Porites australiensis. We developed a genome assembly and gene models of comparable quality to those of other coral genomes.

Gut microbial composition of elderly women born in the Japanese longevity village Ogimi.

Ogimi is one of Japan's longevity villages and is located in Okinawa Prefecture. In this study, we focused on the elderly women living in the village, classified them into two groups based on whether or not they lived in Ogimi during the first 3 years of their lives, and compared the gut microbiota between the two groups. There were no differences in alpha and beta diversity; however, we found that the elderly women who lived in Ogimi during the first 3 years of their lives had a higher rate of colonization in their guts.

Whole-Genome Transcriptome Analyses of Native Symbionts Reveal Host Coral Genomic Novelties for Establishing Coral-Algae Symbioses.

Reef-building corals and photosynthetic, endosymbiotic algae of the family Symbiodiniaceae establish mutualistic relationships that are fundamental to coral biology, enabling coral reefs to support a vast diversity of marine species. Although numerous types of Symbiodiniaceae occur in coral reef environments, Acropora corals select specific types in early life stages. In order to study molecular mechanisms of coral-algal symbioses occurring in nature, we performed whole-genome transcriptomic analyses of Acropora tenuis larvae inoculated with Symbiodinium microadriaticum strains isolated from an Acropora recruit.