Gender-based in-group social influence can lead women to view a hostile sexist attitude as less prejudiced and more true.

Social influence processes by which women come to judge a hostile sexist attitude as relatively true and unprejudiced were examined. Based upon status characteristics theory, women's judgments were expected to be more strongly influenced by a man's than a woman's interpretation of the sexist attitude as true or prejudiced. Based upon self-categorization theory, women's judgments were expected to be more strongly influenced by a woman's than a man's interpretation.

Interphase-arrested Drosophila embryos activate zygotic gene expression and initiate mid-blastula transition events at a low nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio.

Externally deposited eggs begin development with an immense cytoplasm and a single overwhelmed nucleus. Rapid mitotic cycles restore normality as the ratio of nuclei to cytoplasm (N/C) increases. A threshold N/C has been widely proposed to activate zygotic genome transcription and onset of morphogenesis at the mid-blastula transition (MBT).

A strategy for constructing aneuploid yeast strains by transient nondisjunction of a target chromosome.

Background: Most methods for constructing aneuploid yeast strains that have gained a specific chromosome rely on spontaneous failures of cell division fidelity. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, extra chromosomes can be obtained when errors in meiosis or mitosis lead to nondisjunction, or when nuclear breakdown occurs in heterokaryons. We describe a strategy for constructing N+1 disomes that does not require such spontaneous failures.

Antigenic and phylogenetic studies on a variant Newcastle disease virus using anti-fusion protein monoclonal antibodies and partial sequencing of the fusion protein gene.

A virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolate, 34/90, reported to show considerable antigenic diversity from more classical strains of NDV, including vaccine strains, was evaluated phylogenetically and for the presence of neutralizing epitopes on the fusion protein. Comparison of a 309 nucleotide sequence of the fusion protein gene of 34/90 with other viruses confirmed the diversity of this virus, placing it in a discrete fifth genetic lineage with an avirulent virus isolated from waterfowl and genetically quite distant from other strains and isolates. The virus-neutralizing mAbs used in the present study were directed against at least seven distinct epitopes on the fusion protein.

The nucleotide sequence of the HA1 of the haemagglutinin of an HI avian influenza virus isolate from turkeys in Germany provides additional evidence suggesting recent transmission from pigs.

The nucleotide sequence encoding the HA1 portion of the haemagglutinin gene of the influenza virus A/turkey/Germany/2482/90j isolated from birds kept in an area of many pig farms, was determined and compared with those of recent avian and swine influenza isolates. It was found to be closest to the 'avian-like' swine H1N1 influenza viruses that have been reported in Europe since the early 1980s and may represent good evidence for transmission of these viruses back to birds after they have become established in pigs.