Donor C1 Group KIR-ligand inferiority is linked to increased mortality in haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with post-transplant cyclophosphamide.

Background Aims: In HLA-identical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), HLA-C1 group killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) ligands have been linked to graft-versus-host disease, whereas C2 homozygosity was associated with increased relapses. The differential impact of the recipients versus the donor's HLA-C KIR ligands cannot be determined in HLA-identical HSCT but may be elucidated in the haploidentical setting, in which HLA-C (including the HLA-C KIR ligand group) mismatching is frequently present.

Methods: We retrospectively investigated the effect of recipient versus donor C1 ligand content on survival and complications in post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy)-based haploidentical HSCT (n = 170).

Improved Outcomes in Myelofibrosis after Allogeneic Stem-Cell Transplantation in the Era of Ruxolitinib Pretreatment and Intensified Conditioning Regimen-Single-Center Analysis.

(1) Background: Allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is the only treatment with the potential for cure in patients with myelofibrosis (MF). However, the risk of graft rejection, which is particularly high in MF, and the risk of significant non-relapse mortality must be considered. (2) Methods: In this retrospective, single-center study, we compared allo-HSCT outcomes in 36 adult patients with MF transplanted at two-time intervals (2001-2015 versus 2016-2021).

Impact of early cyclosporine A levels on acute graft-versus-host disease in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation using in vivo T-cell depletion.

Background Aims: Cyclosporin A (CsA) remains a major component of immunosuppressive regimens applied in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The impact of CsA trough levels during the first weeks after HSCT has not yet been investigated specifically in anti-T-lymphocyte globulin (ATLG)-based HSCT from matched related and unrelated donors.

Methods: To address this issue, we have retrospectively examined 307 consecutive matched related (n = 145) and unrelated (n = 162) HSCTs, using peripheral blood stem cells or bone marrow.

The preclinical discovery and clinical development of ciltacabtagene autoleucel (Cilta-cel) for the treatment of multiple myeloma.

Introduction: Despite remarkable therapeutic advances over the last two decades, which have resulted in dramatic improvements in patient survival, multiple myeloma (MM) is still considered an incurable disease. Therefore, there is a high need for new treatment strategies. Genetically engineered/redirected chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells may represent the most compelling modality of immunotherapy for cancer treatment in general, and MM in particular.

Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation in Multiple Myeloma: Risk Factors and Outcomes in the Era of New Therapeutic Options-A Single-Center Experience.

Background: Despite major treatment advances, multiple myeloma remains incurable. The outcome of patients who are refractory to immunomodulatory agents, proteasome inhibitors, and anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies is poor, and improved treatment strategies for this difficult-to-treat patient population are an unmet medical need.

Methods: This retrospective, unicentric analysis included 38 patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma or plasma cell leukemia who underwent allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) between 2013 and 2022.