Neurotrophin presence in human coronary atherosclerosis and metabolic syndrome: a role for NGF and BDNF in cardiovascular disease?

The development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is a common comorbidity in patients with the metabolic syndrome, a concurrence of cardiovascular risk factors in one individual. While multiple growth factors and adipokines are identified in atherosclerotic lesions, as well as neurotrophins implicated in both cardiac ischemia and lipid and glucose metabolism, the potential role of neurotrophins in human coronary atherosclerosis and in the metabolic syndrome still remains to be elucidated. Here we describe and discuss our results that represent a novel attempt to study the cardiovascular and metabolic biology of nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and mast cells (MC).

Altered levels of nerve growth factor in the thymus of subjects with myasthenia gravis.

We have previously reported that nerve growth factor (NGF), a polypeptide known for its neurotrophic activities, is also involved in the differentiation and survival of immune cells, and that NGF and its high-affinity receptor are present in the thymus. We here demonstrate that the thymus of humans affected by myasthenia gravis (MG) contains significant concentrations of NGF. These observations support our hypothesis of a role for NGF in the thymus and suggest that the changes observed in the thymus of subject with MG may have functional significance.

Cellular localization of NGF and NGF receptors in aged human thymus.

Recent evidence indicates that some thymic cells of developing and adult laboratory animals express the neurotrophin NGF and its low-affinity p75NTR and high-affinity TrkA receptor. Less is known as to whether the thymus of adult and aged humans express these markers. We hypothesize that the presence and distribution of immunopositive cells for NGF and NGF receptors undergo some alterations during the involution of human thymus.