"Pleiotropic" Effects of Antibiotics: New Modulators in Human Diseases.

Antibiotics, widely used medications that have significantly increased life expectancy, possess a broad range of effects beyond their primary antibacterial activity. While some are recognized as adverse events, others have demonstrated unexpected benefits. These adjunctive effects, which have been defined as "pleiotropic" in the case of other pharmacological classes, include immunomodulatory properties and the modulation of the microbiota.

Endothelial Dysfunction and Liver Cirrhosis: Unraveling of a Complex Relationship.

Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is the in the background of multiple metabolic diseases and a key process in liver disease progression and cirrhosis decompensation. ED affects liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) in response to different damaging agents, causing their progressive dedifferentiation, unavoidably associated with an increase in intrahepatic resistance that leads to portal hypertension and hyperdynamic circulation with increased cardiac output and low peripheral artery resistance. These changes are driven by a continuous interplay between different hepatic cell types, invariably leading to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, increased release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, with a subsequent loss of proper vascular tone regulation and fibrosis development.

Lynch Syndrome and Thyroid Nodules: A Single Center Experience.

Background: Lynch syndrome (LS) is a genetic disease with increased risk of colorectal cancer and other malignancies. There are few reported cases of thyroid cancer in LS patients. The aim of this study is to investigate the presence of thyroid nodules in LS patients and to explore their association with the genetic features of the disease.

Drop edges and adapt: A fairness enforcing fine-tuning for graph neural networks.

The rise of graph representation learning as the primary solution for many different network science tasks led to a surge of interest in the fairness of this family of methods. Link prediction, in particular, has a substantial social impact. However, link prediction algorithms tend to increase the segregation in social networks by disfavouring the links between individuals in specific demographic groups.

Monoclonal Antibodies and Antivirals against SARS-CoV-2 Reduce the Risk of Long COVID: A Retrospective Propensity Score-Matched Case-Control Study.

Long COVID is a complex condition affecting quality of life, with limited therapeutic options. We investigated the occurrence of long COVID in subjects receiving early therapy with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) or antivirals to reduce the risk of COVID-19 progression. In this retrospective study we enrolled 737 adult patients (aged 65.