Emerging stem cell based strategies for treatment of childhood diseases.

Cell therapy is an important regenerative medicine approach, in which either differentiated cells or stem cells capable of differentiation are transplanted into an individual with the objective of yielding specific cell types in the damaged tissue and consequently restoring its function. The most successful example of cell therapy is hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, leading to regeneration of patient's blood cells, now a widely established procedure for many hematopoietic diseases. Development of cellular therapies for other tissues then followed in the footsteps of the hematopoietic experience.

Artificial intelligence: A joint narrative on potential use in pediatric stem and immune cell therapies and regenerative medicine.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) reflects the intelligence exhibited by machines and software. It is a highly desirable academic field of many current fields of studies. Leading AI researchers describe the field as "the study and design of intelligent agents".

Concluding commentary on current trends to enhance the clinical safety of pediatric transfusion, focusing on prevention of untoward complications of HSC transplantation & newer strategies for improving the standards of safety/quality of stem cells expansion for cellular therapy.

Clinical practice and related diagnostic, development and research [DDR] strategies in pediatric transfusion and transplantation cover a broad range of multidisciplinary studies, performed by many professionals involved in this most challenging clinical field [1]. This commentary on the current position and future perspectives in pediatric transfusion field is aimed to highlight major unresolved transfusion complications in pediatric patients, namely red blood cell and platelet alloimmunisation, and new ones such as nosocomial infection, thrombosis and multi-organ failure. Some other safety related issues issues in clinical management of neonates/young infants with urgent medical conditions, requiring immediate transfusion or apheresis treatment, especially, those resulting from hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), have been addressed.