Publications by authors named "I Sandrock"
Article Synopsis
- mRNA vaccines have proven effective against COVID-19 and hold promise for other uses, as they change the activity of certain genes in the body post-vaccination.
- This study analyzed blood transcriptomes before and after mRNA vaccination to identify gene networks that are either upregulated or downregulated based on the response to the vaccine.
- The research found that specific gene networks related to immune response and processes like viral defense can be targeted for improving future vaccine designs, potentially enhancing their effectiveness.
Upregulation of diverse self-antigens that constitute components of the inflammatory response overlaps spatially and temporally with the emergence of pathogen-derived foreign antigens. Therefore, discrimination between these inflammation-associated self-antigens and pathogen-derived molecules represents a unique challenge for the adaptive immune system. Here, we demonstrate that CD8 T cell tolerance to T cell-derived inflammation-associated self-antigens is efficiently induced in the thymus and supported by redundancy in cell types expressing these molecules.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFγδ T cells provide rapid cellular immunity against pathogens. Here, we conducted matched single-cell RNA-sequencing and γδ-TCR-sequencing to delineate the molecular changes in γδ T cells during a longitudinal study following mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. While the first dose of vaccine primes Vδ2 T cells, it is the second administration that significantly boosts their immune response.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Human immune responses to COVID-19 vaccines display a large heterogeneity of induced immunity and the underlying immune mechanisms for this remain largely unknown.
Methods: Using a systems biology approach, we longitudinally profiled a unique cohort of female high and low responders to the BNT162b vaccine, who were known from previous COVID-19 vaccinations to develop maximum and minimum immune responses to the vaccine. We utilized high dimensional flow cytometry, bulk and single cell mRNA sequencing and 48-plex serum cytokine analyses.
Article Synopsis
- Higher frequencies of mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are linked to a better immune response to the mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, with the hypothesis that TNF produced by these cells aids B cell activation after immunization.
- A study analyzed peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from vaccinated adults at various time intervals following the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine to explore the effects of repeated vaccinations on MAIT cells.
- Results show that MAIT cells produce TNF in response to the vaccine, which boosts their proliferation and enhances anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody production, especially activating memory B cells essential for long-term immunity.