Modeling of an irrigation system in a virtual physical space.

One of the major challenges that smart agriculture is expected to address is the efficient use of water resources. The conservation and the efficient use of clean water is a long-term strategy worldwide. Modeling of smart agriculture systems is an important factor because the processes there are very slow and sometimes it takes a year or more for a full crop cycle.

Effects of prostaglandin F2 alpha and indomethacin on the contractile activity of different compartments of the complex stomach.

In vitro experiments have shown that PGF2 alpha or indomethacin produces different effects on muscle strips isolated from different compartments of sheep complex stomach. PGF2 alpha (10(-6) - 10(-5) M) increases the tone of the ruminal preparations and exerts a negligible effect on the reticulum and omasum strips. Indomethacin (5 X 10(-6) M) inhibits the mechanical activity of the rumen and omasum and has no effect on that of the reticulum.

Electro-mechanical coupling in the complex stomach smooth muscles.

In the majority of experiments the ruminal preparations did not exhibit spontaneous electrical and contractile activity but showed a Ca-dependent spike-free myogenic tone. Ba2+ or Sr2+ evoked spike activity and phasic contractions and increased the muscle tonic tension. Tetraethylammonium (TEA) exerted no effect on the ruminal preparations but potentiated the effect of Ba2+.

A possibility of substituting Ca2+ by Ba2+ or Mn2+ during the contractile processes of complex stomach smooth muscles.

In vitro experiments were carried out on muscle strips from different compartments of sheep complex stomach. The following conclusions were drawn: 1. In Ca2+-free medium containing EDTA (0.