Non-Occlusive Mesenteric Ischemia in Aortic Surgery: What You Need to Know.

Background: Nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia (NOMI), a subtype of acute mesenteric ischemia, is primarily caused by mesenteric arterial vasoconstriction and decreased vascular resistance, leading to impaired intestinal perfusion.Commonly observed after cardiac surgery, NOMI affects older patients with cardiovascular or systemic diseases, accounting for 20-30% of acute mesenteric ischemia cases with a mortality rate of ∼50%. This review explores NOMI's pathophysiology, clinical implications in aortic dissection, and the unmet needs in diagnosis and management, emphasizing its prognostic significance.

Enhancing Solubility of a BCS Class II Drug- Itraconazole by Developing and Optimizing Solid Lipid Nanoparticles using a Central Composite Design.

Background: Itraconazole (ICZ) has been approved by the FDA to treat many fungal infections including, blastomycosis, histoplasmosis, and aspergillosis. ICZ can be also used as prophylaxis in the population who are at high risk for developing systemic fungal infections, such as HIV patients, and chemotherapy patients.

Aim: However, since ICZ is a BCS Class II drug that has low solubility and high permeability, leads to low oral bioavailability.

Addressing Critical Mistakes in Administering Intravenous Medications at Omdurman Military Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan.

Objective: Errors in the preparation and administration of intravenous medications are significant contributors to morbidity and mortality rates in medical practice. Early reporting and the implementation of preventive measures can mitigate these errors. This study aims to identify patterns and frequencies of errors in IV medication preparation and administration, along with associated factors, at Omdurman Military Hospital in Khartoum, Sudan.

Efficacy and Safety of Prehospital Blood Transfusion in Traumatized Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Approximately five million individuals have traumatic injuries annually. Implementing prehospital blood-component transfusion (PHBT), encompassing packed red blood cells (p-RBCs), plasma, or platelets, facilitates early hemostatic volume replacement following trauma. The lack of uniform PHBT guidelines persists, relying on diverse parameters and physician experience.

Current Approaches and Strategies Applied in First-in-class Drug Discovery.

First-in-class drug discovery (FICDD) offers novel therapies, new biological targets and mechanisms of action (MOAs) toward targeting various diseases and provides opportunities to understand unexplored biology and to target unmet diseases. Current screening approaches followed in FICDD for discovery of hit and lead molecules can be broadly categorized and discussed under phenotypic drug discovery (PDD) and target-based drug discovery (TBDD). Each category has been further classified and described with suitable examples from the literature outlining the current trends in screening approaches applied in small molecule drug discovery (SMDD).