Alpha Carbonic Anhydrase 5 Mediates Stimulation of ATP Synthesis by Bicarbonate in Isolated Thylakoids.

We studied bicarbonate-induced stimulation of photophosphorylation in thylakoids isolated from leaves of plants. This stimulation was not observed in thylakoids of wild-type in the presence of mafenide, a soluble carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, and was absent in thylakoids of two mutant lines lacking the gene encoding alpha carbonic anhydrase 5 (αCA5). Using mass spectrometry, we revealed the presence of αCA5 in stromal thylakoid membranes of wild-type plants.

Perturbations of the ZED1 pseudokinase activate plant immunity.

The Pseudomonas syringae acetyltransferase HopZ1a is delivered into host cells by the type III secretion system to promote bacterial growth. However, in the model plant host Arabidopsis thaliana, HopZ1a activity results in an effector-triggered immune response (ETI) that limits bacterial proliferation. HopZ1a-triggered immunity requires the nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat domain (NLR) protein, ZAR1, and the pseudokinase, ZED1.

Identifying Type III Secreted Effector Function via a Yeast Genomic Screen.

Gram-negative bacterial pathogens inject type III secreted effectors (T3SEs) directly into host cells to promote pathogen fitness by manipulating host cellular processes. Despite their crucial role in promoting virulence, relatively few T3SEs have well-characterized enzymatic activities or host targets. This is in part due to functional redundancy within pathogen T3SE repertoires as well as the promiscuity of individual T3SEs that can have multiple host targets.

Local and Systemic Functional Responses of Mouse Macrophages to Intravaginal Infection with Type 2 Herpes Simplex Virus and Vaccination.

Activity of cathepsin D and phagocytosis of macrophages from vaginal lavage fluid, peritoneal exudation, and spleen were studied in mice of sensitive (DBA/2) and resistant (BALB/c) lines after intravaginal infection with type 2 herpes simplex virus and vaccination. Activity of cathepsin D and intensity of phagocytosis (irrespective of the macrophage source) and their ratio in BALB/c mice in early terms after infection were close to the control levels taken as a unit. In DBA/2 mice, these parameters and their balance were shifted and changes in cathepsin D activity depended on the time after challenge.

[The differences in the estimation of depression severity by psychiatrists and patients during the combined treatment with agomelatine (a multicenter study "EMOTSIA")].

Aim: To compare the prognosis of depression severity estimated by the physician and by the patient based on the treatment outcome.

Material And Methods: One hundred and seven patients with depression were examined. Mental status was assessed with HАМ-D, SHAPS, CGI-S, CGI-I, PGI-S, PGI-I and VAS.