Motile cilia modulate neuronal and astroglial activity in the zebrafish larval brain.

The brain uses a specialized system to transport cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), consisting of interconnected ventricles lined by motile ciliated ependymal cells. These cells act jointly with CSF secretion and cardiac pressure gradients to regulate CSF dynamics. To date, the link between cilia-mediated CSF flow and brain function is poorly understood.

Earth to Ashes: Cultural Transformations in the Cremation Rites of Modern and Contemporary South Korea.

Under Japanese rule in 1912, cremation was legalized in Korea, marking a shift from a strictly prohibited practice to an accepted funeral option. Initially viewed as a Japanese custom, cremation gradually transformed into a "civilized" choice, a perspective pushed by Japanese colonial authorities and some Korean modernizers. However, this narrative overlooks the gradual acceptance of cremation among Koreans.

Study Design and Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial of Enavogliflozin to Evaluate Cardiorenal Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes (ENVELOP).

Background: The novel sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor enavogliflozin effectively lowers glycosylated hemoglobin levels and body weights without the increased risk of serious adverse events; however, the long-term clinical benefits of enavogliflozin in terms of cardiovascular and renal outcomes have not been investigated.

Methods: This study is an investigator-initiated, multicenter, randomized, pragmatic, open-label, active-controlled, non-inferiority trial. Eligible participants are adults (aged ≥19 years) with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who have a history of, or are at risk of, cardiovascular disease.

Early Left Ventricular Unloading after Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: One-Year Outcomes of the EARLY-UNLOAD Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: The long-term effects of early left ventricular unloading after venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) remain unclear.

Methods: The EARLY-UNLOAD trial was a single-center, investigator-initiated, open-label, randomized clinical trial involving 116 patients with cardiogenic shock (CS) undergoing VA-ECMO. The patients were randomly assigned to undergo either early routine left ventricular unloading by transseptal left atrial cannulation within 12 hours after randomization or the conventional approach, which permitted rescue transseptal cannulation in case of an increased left ventricular afterload.

Checklist for the insect fauna of two East Sea Islands (Ulleungdo Is. and Dokdo Is.) in the Republic of Korea.

Background: Ulleungdo and Dokdo, located in the East Sea, are volcanic islands with high ecological value due to their unique biodiversity. Although research on the insect fauna on these two Islands has been conducted from the early 19 century to recent times, limitations exist due to several issues, including misidentifications and historical errors. This study addresses these issues by conducting a comprehensive insect survey from 2020 to 2023, re-identifying misidentified specimens and compiling references to create an updated and accurate checklist of insect species for Ulleungdo and Dokdo.