regulates melanocortin 4 receptor transcription and energy homeostasis.

Disruption of hypothalamic melanocortin 4 receptors (MC4Rs) causes obesity in mice and humans. Here, we investigated the transcriptional regulation of in the hypothalamus. In mice, we show that the homeodomain transcription factor Orthopedia (OTP) is enriched in MC4R neurons in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus and directly regulates transcription.

Performance, isotherm, kinetics and mechanism of simultaneous removal of Cr(VI), Cu(II) and F ions by CeO-MgO binary oxide nanomaterials.

This study focuses on the synthesis of a novel Cerium-Magnesium (CeO-MgO) binary oxide nanomaterials by a simple co-precipitation process and used to remove harmful pollutants such as Cr(VI), Cu(II), and F. The morphology, phase, crystallite size, thermal stability, functional groups, surface area, and porosity of the synthesized nanomaterial were determined by using XRD, SEM, FTIR, TGA/DTA, and BET studies. The prepared nanomaterials showed adsorption selectivity of Cu(II) ≈ F> Cr(VI) with a high adsorption capacity of 84.

Setmelanotide in patients aged 2-5 years with rare MC4R pathway-associated obesity (VENTURE): a 1 year, open-label, multicenter, phase 3 trial.

Background: Setmelanotide, a melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) agonist, has been shown to reduce hunger and weight in patients aged 6 years and older with proopiomelanocortin (POMC) deficiency (including biallelic variants in proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1 [PCSK1]), leptin receptor (LEPR) deficiency, or Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS). No approved therapies for patients younger than 6 years old currently exist. The phase 3, open-label VENTURE trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of setmelanotide in patients aged 2-5 years with POMC or LEPR deficiency or BBS.