T1b gallbladder cancer: is extended resection warranted?

Background: Although the prognosis for gallbladder cancer (GBCA) improves with early diagnosis and aggressive surgical treatment, the management of patients with muscle layer invasion (T1b) remains controversial. This study aimed to analyze the optimal surgical approach for these patients.

Methods: A database was queried for patients with early T1b GBCA treated at four Chilean hospitals.

Exporters' risk perceptions during covid times: a study with Colombian and Brazilian SMEs.

The present study aims to provide an initial highlight on risk perceptions of exporting SMEs from Latin America during the covid-19 pandemic. A sample of Colombian and Brazilian companies was analyzed using 24 scenarios based on 8 risk types: contamination risk, exchange rate risk, trade risks, logistics and operations risks, risk of policy and regulation changes, credit risk, supplier-related risks, buyer-related risks and employee-related risks. Results show significant differences between countries as well as a highly distinction between 2020 and 2021 perceptions of threat, impact, loss, and likelihood.

Associating liver partition and portal vein ligation (ALPPS): A two staged procedure, in Bogotá Colombia. Case report and literature review.

Introduction: For liver tumors (primary or metastases), surgery combined with neoadjuvant, or adjuvant chemotherapy is the treatment of choice, offering long term survival time and disease-free time period (Alvarez et al., 2012) Associating liver partition and portal vein ligation, or ALPPS, it's a surgical technique that increases the future liver remnant in a short period of time, trying to avoid postoperative liver failure (PLF), and achieving R0 resections in liver malignant tumors (Alvarez et al., 2012).

A New Pipeline for Designing Phage Cocktails Based on Phage-Bacteria Infection Networks.

In recent years, the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and efforts to preserve food microbiota have induced renewed interest in phage therapy. Phage cocktails, instead of a single phage, are commonly used as antibacterial agents since the hosts are unlikely to become resistant to several phages simultaneously. While the spectrum of activity might increase with cocktail complexity, excessive phages could produce side effects, such as the horizontal transfer of genes that augment the fitness of host strains, dysbiosis or high manufacturing costs.