A rotating cylinder phantom for flow and tissue color Doppler testing.

Ultrasound Doppler using two-dimensional (2D) techniques is commonly used to study blood flow and myocardial tissue motion. This use includes measurement of velocity and time intervals, often in relation to the electrocardiogram (ECG) signal. 2D Doppler is frequently considered a real-time technique but in reality the acquisition time can be as long as 200 ms per image.

Echocardiographic Doppler assessments of left ventricular filling and ejection during upright exercise in endurance athletes.

Doppler echocardiography was used to describe left ventricular filling and ejection during upright bicycle exercise in 24 healthy male endurance athletes. The transmitral pressure gradient was estimated and isovolumetric relaxation, filling and ejection time and transmitral and aortic flow velocities were measured at rest and during exercise. From rest to peak exercise (at a heart rate of 160 bpm), the mean left ventricular filling time was shortened by 73%, the ejection time by 31%, while the isovolumetric relaxation time was shortened by 62%.

Mitral annulus motion as a predictor of mortality in a community-based sample of 75-year-old men and women.

Mitral annulus motion (MAM) is a predictor of mortality in selected patient groups, but its prognostic value in less selected populations is not known. In a community-based random sample of 75-year-old men and women (n = 408), left ventricular function was measured as: (1) maximum amplitude of MAM; and (2) wall-motion index. During a median follow-up of 7.

Social background, aspects of lifestyle, body image, relations, school situation, and somatic and psychological symptoms in obese and overweight 15-year-old boys in a county in Sweden.

Objective: To compare lifestyle and health aspects among obese, overweight, and normal-weight 15-year-old boys living in the county of Västmanland, Sweden.

Design: A cross-sectional school-based survey. Setting.

Two different training programmes for patients with COPD: a randomised study with 1-year follow-up.

Purpose: To compare the effects on exercise capacity and health related quality of life (HRQoL) of two exercise programmes; one programme including endurance training and one including only resistance training and callisthenics. A second purpose was to find out whether the severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) affected the training response and whether the interventions had a long-term effect.

Methods: Sixty-three patients were stratified according to severity of COPD and randomised to two training groups.