The effects of cigarette smoking and gestational weight change on birth outcomes in obese and normal-weight women.

Objectives: The associations of infant birth outcomes with maternal pregravid obesity, gestational weight gain, and prenatal cigarette smoking were examined.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of 1343 obese and normal-weight gravidas evaluated the associations of cigarette smoking, gestational weight change, and pregravid body mass index with birthweight, low birthweight, and small- and large-for-gestational-age births.

Results: Smoking was associated with the delivery of lower-birthweight infants for both obese and normal-weight women, and gestational weight gain did not eliminate the birthweight-lowering effects of smoking.

Pregnancy complications and birth outcomes in obese and normal-weight women: effects of gestational weight change.

Objective: To compare the pregnancy course and outcomes in obese and normal-weight women and their associations with gestational weight change.

Methods: Multivariate logistic regression described the relation of weight change to pregnancy course and outcomes in a retrospective study of 683 obese and 660 normal-weight women who delivered singleton living neonates.

Results: Compared with normal-weight women, obese women gained an average of 5 kg (11 lb) less during pregnancy and were more likely to lose or gain no weight (11% versus less than 1%).

Prenatal nutrition services: a cost analysis.

The scarcity of information about program costs in relation to quality care prompted a cost analysis of prenatal nutrition services in two urban settings. This study examined prenatal nutrition services in terms of total costs, per client costs, per visit costs, and cost per successful outcome. Standard cost-accounting principles were used.

Pregnancy in the underweight woman. Course, outcome, and growth patterns of the infant.

The obstetric performance and pregnancy outcome of 354 underweight patients were compared with matched control subjects of normal weight. The growth patterns of their infants were also compared. The underweight women had significantly higher rates of cardiac/respiratory problems, anemia, PROM, and endometritis but were less prone to develop pre-eclampsia.