Fibrotic reaction to hyaluronic acid fillers in the face.

Background: Hyaluronic acids (HAs) can have very different actions not only depending on injector and host factors but also depending on their molecular weight. Whereas short chain HA has immunological activity long chain HA influences fibroblasts and may stimulate them to produce collagen. Although this is generally thought to be a positive feature it may be disadvantageous in certain localizations.

Advances in the Bioinformatics Knowledge of mRNA Polyadenylation in Baculovirus Genes.

Baculoviruses are a group of insect viruses with large circular dsDNA genomes exploited in numerous biotechnological applications, such as the biological control of agricultural pests, the expression of recombinant proteins or the gene delivery of therapeutic sequences in mammals, among others. Their genomes encode between 80 and 200 proteins, of which 38 are shared by all reported species. Thanks to multi-omic studies, there is remarkable information about the baculoviral proteome and the temporality in the virus gene expression.

Relationship between tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFA) gene polymorphisms and cardiac sarcoidosis.

Identification of genetic predisposition to cardiac sarcoidosis could play a critical role in the detection of sub-clinical forms of the disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible correlations between the emergence of cardiac sarcoidosis and the -1.031T/C, -857C/T, -308G/A, and -238G/A Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNFA) polymorphisms in a well-defined Greek cohort.

Electron microscopy evidence that cytoplasmic localization of the p16(INK4A) "nuclear" cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (CKI) in tumor cells is specific and not an artifact. A study in non-small cell lung carcinomas.

It is well established that p16(INK4A) protein acts as a cell cycle inhibitor in the nucleus. Therefore, cytoplasmic localization of p16 (INK4A) usually is disregarded by investigators as nonspecific. Three recent studies reported findings that differ from the current view concerning p16(INK4A) immunohistochemical localization.