Universal cold RNA phase transitions.

RNA's diversity of structures and functions impacts all life forms since primordia. We use calorimetric force spectroscopy to investigate RNA folding landscapes in previously unexplored low-temperature conditions. We find that Watson-Crick RNA hairpins, the most basic secondary structure elements, undergo a glass-like transition below [Formula: see text]C where the heat capacity abruptly changes and the RNA folds into a diversity of misfolded structures.

Indeterminate pulmonary nodules and prior malignancy: survival and recurrence after surgery in newly diagnosed stage I non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: Surgical excision biopsy remains the only reliable option in most cases of indeterminate pulmonary nodules, particularly in cancer survivors for whom surgery provides local control of pulmonary metastasis and the best chance of cure for early-stage lung cancer. Nevertheless, unnecessary surgeries remain a concern and the prognosis of newly diagnosed lung cancer might be influenced by the history of previous malignancy. We aimed to analyze the outcomes of resected indeterminate pulmonary nodules in patients with and without previous malignancy, and the impact of prior cancer history on survival and recurrence in stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.

Recent Advances on the Catalytic Asymmetric Allylic α-Alkylation of Carbonyl Derivatives Using Free Allylic Alcohols.

During the last years, the development of more sustainable and straightforward methodologies to minimize the generation of waste organic substances has acquired high importance within synthetic organic chemistry. Therefore, it is not surprising that many efforts are devoted to ameliorating already well-known successful methodologies, that is, the case of the asymmetric allylic allylation reaction of carbonyl compounds. The use of free alcohols as alkylating agents in this transformation represents a step forward in this sense since it minimizes waste production and the substrate manipulation.

The All4Children project to assess the initial implementation of the Integrated Model of Family Foster Care in Portugal: A description of the study protocol.

Background: The All4Children project addresses the urgent need to transition from institutionalization to family-based care for out-of-home children in Portugal. Despite evidence highlighting the detrimental effects of institutionalization, only a small percentage of children (less than 4%) are currently placed in family foster care in the country. In response to European directives for deinstitutionalization, Portuguese legislation now prioritizes non-kinship family foster care as the preferred alternative for young children in need of care.