Drug-Induced Nephrotoxicity Assessment in 3D Cellular Models.

The kidneys are often involved in adverse effects and toxicity caused by exposure to foreign compounds, chemicals, and drugs. Early predictions of these influences are essential to facilitate new, safe drugs to enter the market. However, in current drug treatments, drug-induced nephrotoxicity accounts for 1/4 of reported serious adverse reactions, and 1/3 of them are attributable to antibiotics.

Clinical characteristics and outcomes of diabetic patients who were hospitalised with 2009 pandemic influenza A H1N1 infection.

Objectives: To describe demographic and clinical data and outcomes of severe cases of 2009 pandemic influenza A H1N1 (pH1N1) infections for persons with diabetes.

Methods: We selected all person with diabetes (N = 252) among severe laboratory confirmed cases reported to the Spanish Surveillance System for detection of pH1N1 from June through December, 2009. One patient without diabetes matched by age and sex was selected.

Coverage of human papillomavirus vaccination during the first year of its introduction in Spain.

The decision to introduce human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination into the national immunisation programme in Spain was made in October 2007, recommending vaccination of girls aged between 11 and 14 years with three doses of HPV vaccine. All 19 regions of the country (17 Autonomous Communities and two Autonomous Cities) introduced HPV vaccination gradually into their immunisation programmes between November 2007 and the last school term of 2008. Eight regions administered the vaccine in healthcare centres and 11 in schools.

Effective treatment of refractory pulmonary hemorrhage with monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody (rituximab).

We report a 19-year-old female with systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis who developed pulmonary hemorrhage (PH) refractory to conventional immunosuppressive treatment. She was initially treated with intravenous methylprednisolone and cyclophosphamide pulses. She required mechanical ventilation due to a lack of responsiveness and her disease was considered refractory to conventional treatment.

[Poliomyelitis eradication initiative. Search for and control of wild poliovirus stored at Spanish laboratories].

Introduction: An initiative to achieve global eradication of poliomyelitis was proposed in 1988. Since then, World Health Organization (WHO) efforts have been focused on reaching and maintaining high vaccination coverage and on implementing effective surveillance systems. Additionally, since 1998 the WHO has urged health authorities from countries over the world to locate and control the wild polioviruses stored in laboratories as well as potentially infectious materials that could contain these viruses or originate them under particular circumstances.