Gene therapy rescues brain edema and motor function in a mouse model of megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts.

Megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts (MLC) is an ultrarare, infantile-onset leukodystrophy characterized by white matter edema for which there is no treatment. More than 70% of diagnosed cases result from biallelic loss-of-function mutations in the astrocyte-specific gene MLC1, leading to early-onset macrocephaly, cerebellar ataxia, epilepsy, and mild cognitive decline. To develop a gene therapy for MLC, we administered an adeno-associated viral vector capable of crossing the murine blood-brain barrier, delivering the human MLC1 cDNA under the control of a human astrocyte-specific promoter, to 10-month-old Mlc1 mice.

Measurement of femtosecond incoherent XUV pulses using shot-noise-driven fluctuations in plasma betatron sources.

The duration of incoherent XUV pulses down to the femtoseconds (fs) can be retrieved through a statistical analysis of the modulations on the observed radiation spectrum. Uncorrelated shot-noise fluctuations in the pulse temporal profile result in incoherent radiation showing a multispike spectrum where the spike width is inversely proportional to the pulse length. In this Letter, single-shot temporal characterization of the betatron radiation pulses emitted by fs-long, 100's MeV electron bunches undergoing acceleration, and propagating through a plasma wiggler was performed in the XUV domain.

Harnessing precision nutrition to individualize weight restoration in anorexia nervosa.

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe psychiatric disorder for which effective treatment and sustained recovery are contingent upon successful weight restoration, yet the efficacy of existing treatments is suboptimal. This narrative review considers the potential of precision nutrition for tailoring dietary interventions to individual characteristics to enhance acute and longer-term weight outcomes in AN. We review key factors that drive variation in nutritional requirements, including energy expenditure, fecal energy loss, the gut microbiota, genetic factors, and psychiatric comorbidities.

Evaluating plasma lactate running speed derived parameters for predicting maximal lactate steady state in teaching horses.

In humans, there is an ongoing academic discussion about measuring plasma lactate concentration ([La]) during an incremental exercise test (IET) to establish thresholds that can predict the maximal lactate steady state (MLSS). Training studies on horses have utilized the onset of [La] (OBLA), also known as V, the velocity at which the [La] of 4 mM is reached. This study assesses the effectiveness of four methods for estimating the MLSS in teaching horses.