Early-life exposure to hardship increased risk tolerance and entrepreneurship in adulthood with gender differences.

Many entrepreneurs credit their success to early hardship. Here, we exploit geographical differences in the intensity of China's Great Famine to investigate the effect of hardship during formative years on individual personality and engagement in business entrepreneurship. To exclude factors that might confound the relation between famine intensity and entrepreneurship, we model famine intensity by random weather shocks.

Editor's Choice - Decrease in Mortality from Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms (2001 to 2015): Is it Decreasing Even Faster?

Objective: The early twenty first century witnessed a decrease in mortality from abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA), which was associated with variations in the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors. This study investigated whether these trends continued into the second decade of the twenty first century.

Methods: Information on AAA mortality (2001 - 2015) using International Classification of Diseases codes was extracted from the World Health Organization (WHO) mortality database.

Nonlabor Income and Age at Marriage: Evidence From China's Heating Policy.

We exploit China's heating policy to investigate how nonlabor income affects marriage. From the mid-1950s, the policy gave substantial subsidies to urban residents north of the Huai River. Applying geographic regression discontinuity, we find that with the policy, urban men in the north married 15 months earlier than men in the south.