Isolated ipsilateral nipple recurrence: important lessons to learn.

Most breast cancer recurrences occur in the surgical scars or within other quadrants of the same breast. Isolated tumour recurrence occurring in the nipple after breast-conserving surgery and radiotherapy is extremely unusual. The reason for this is unknown, but is speculated to be due to involved surgical margins or an occult involvement of the nipple-areolar complex in a breast cancer of the same breast.

Carcinosarcoma of the thyroid: a case report.

Thyroid carcinosarcoma (TC) is a very rare, aggressive thyroid malignancy with a clinical course similar to anaplastic carcinoma. A thorough search of the literature reveals limited information regarding its behavior and treatment modalities. TC has a high mortality rate despite the multi-modal approach.

Immunohistochemical expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and p53 in breast lesions.

Objective: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a leading factor for tumour angiogenesis and p53 protein is the product of a tumor suppressor gene. The main aim of the study was to assess the association of p53 protein with VEGF expression in breast carcinoma.

Materials And Methods: This was a retrospective study involving 66 invasive breast carcinomas, 66 normal breast tissues and 55 cases of usual ductal hyperplasia (UDH), obtained from the histopathology records.

Identification of novel large genomic rearrangements at the BRCA1 locus in Malaysian women with breast cancer.

Background: The incidence of breast cancer has been on the rise in Malaysia. It is suggested that a subset of breast cancer cases were associated with germline mutation in breast cancer susceptibility (BRCA) genes. Most of the BRCA mutations reported in Malaysia were point mutations, small deletions and insertions.