[The ultrasonic diagnosis of ureteral stones in children].

Ultrasonography (USG) was performed in 117 children aged 8 months-14 years with ureterolithiasis. X-ray and ultrasonic evidence was compared for the upper, middle and low parts of the ureter. USG proved preferable for imaging of the upper and low ureter, x-ray negative concrements, in loss of renal function, while x-ray was much more informative for visualizing middle part of the ureter.

[Ultrasonic diagnosis in selecting the treatment method for varicocele].

The paper deals with ultrasound diagnosis as a modality able to recognize indications either to surgical or endovascular treatment of varicocele. Forty-two patients aged 12-28 with varicocele degree I-III were examined using sector ultrasonic transducers (3.5,5 MHz) which visualized renal and internal testicular veins.

[The role of echography in the diagnosis of vesico-ureteral reflux in children].

A study was made of alternative potentialities of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of vesicoureteral reflex (VUR) in 137 children (228 kidneys) aged 16 days to 14 years. Routine scanning of the urinary tract was performed; the dynamics of dilatation of the renal pelvis was estimated depending on the degree of the urinary bladder filling and urination; contrast sonography was carried out. Complex ultrasonography was informative in 33% of cases with grade I VUR, in 79% of cases with grade II VUR, and in 100% of cases with grade III-V VUR.