The relative effectiveness of fiscal and monetary policies in promoting Egypt's output growth: an empirical investigation using an ARDL approach.

The relative effectiveness of fiscal and monetary policies in promoting economic growth is not sufficiently examined at the empirical level for developing countries, including Egypt in particular. Hence, this paper is the first attempt to empirically examine the relative effectiveness of fiscal and monetary policies in promoting Egypt's output growth utilizing a time-series data set over the time-period (1960-2019). The study employs the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Bounds testing approach to cointegration to investigate the long run and short run effects of fiscal and monetary policies on Egypt's output growth under a modified version of the St.

Octopamine signaling via OctαR is essential for a well-orchestrated climbing performance of adult Drosophila melanogaster.

The biogenic amine octopamine (OA) orchestrates many behavioural processes in insects. OA mediates its function by binding to OA receptors belonging to the G protein-coupled receptors superfamily. Despite the potential relevance of OA, our knowledge about the role of each octopaminergic receptor and how signalling through these receptors controls locomotion still limited.

Alterations in biogenic amines levels associated with age-related muscular tissue impairment in .

While holding on youth may be a universal wish, aging is a natural process associated with physical and physiological impairment in living organisms. provides useful insights into aging-related events. Hence, this study was conducted to investigate the age-related changes in muscle function and architecture in relation to the biogenic amine titers.

Drosophila melanogaster as a low-cost and valuable model for studying type 2 diabetes.

Drosophila melanogaster has been used as the most successful invertebrate model for studying metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes (T2D). We induced T2D by feeding Drosophila larvae on a high-sugar diet (HSD). The glucose and trehalose, glycogen, lipid, triglyceride, and protein levels were determined in HSD-fed larvae.

Reduced fitness of the mosquito Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) after feeding on a blood meal with hepatitis C virus.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a blood-borne virus. Given that mosquitoes can take blood meals from HCV patients, we aimed to test whether HCV in the blood meal can induce alterations in the biology of Culex pipiens. To address this aim, Cx.