[Transsexualism as a clinical symptom of true hermaphroditism].

Transsexualism is incorrectly thought to be a disease of sexual centers (zones) of the brain but these sexual centers in the brain operate only in response to action of sexual hormones (androgens or estrogens) which are produced in the gonads and delivered to the brain by blood. In hermaphroditism the brain receives both androgens and estrogens. Transsexualism syndrome develops in cases when all sexual organs develop under the influence of one sex while sexual psychoorientation, sexual autoidentification and sexual behavior form under the influence of hormones of the other sex.

[Hypospadia in females].

Hypospadia is a frequent birth deformity consisting in fissure of the posterior (lower) wall of the urethra. Hypospadia is characterized by shortening of the urethra and ectopia of the external urethral opening. This deformity often occurs in women but is rarely diagnosed because physicians are not well-informed about female hypospadia.

[Surgical correction of hermaphroditism].

By their documents people worldwide are of male or female gender. But in fact, four genders exist: male, female, hermaphroditism and eunuchoidism. Neonatologists must know how to diagnose minimum three sexual anomalies: true hermaphroditism, false male hermaphroditism and false female hermaphroditism.

[Acute ureteral obstruction (renal colic)].

Acute ureteral obstruction is always associated with high intrapelvic hydrostatic pressure. Objective diagnosis of renal colic can be made by direct measurement of intrapelvic pressure (IPP). We propose a very simple device for estimation of IPP consisting of ureteral catheter and polyethylene tube 150 cm long.