Foreign Bodies in Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology: A Review.

Foreign bodies (FBs) in pediatric otorhinolaryngology represent up to 10% of cases in emergency departments (ED) and are primarily present in children under five years old. They are probably the result of children's curiosity and tendency to explore the environment. Aural and nasal FBs are the most common and accessible, and the removal methods differ depending on the exact location and type of FB, which can be organic or inorganic.

The value of antibody-coated bacteria in tracheal aspirates for the diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia: a case-control study.

Objective: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the leading type of hospital-acquired infection in ICU patients. The diagnosis of VAP is challenging, mostly due to limitations of the diagnostic methods available. The aim of this study was to determine whether antibody-coated bacteria (ACB) evaluation can improve the specificity of endotracheal aspirate (EA) culture in VAP diagnosis.

Detection of methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from pediatric patients: is the cefoxitin disk diffusion test accurate enough?

We evaluated the performance of several methods for the detection of methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus using 101 clinical S. aureus isolates from pediatric patients in a tertiary hospital in Brazil; 50 isolates were mecA-positive and 51 were mecA-negative. The Etest and oxacillin agar screening plates were 100% sensitive and specific for mecA presence.

[Acute diarrhea in children less than 3 years of age: Enteropathogens isolated in patient's stools, compared with a control group].

OBJECTIVES: To observe the occurrence of different etiological agents of acute diarrhea (AD) in stool specimens of patients and children in a control group. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 100 children less than three years of age with AD were studied as well as 100 controls, between November 1993 and May 1994. Stool specimens were collected in both groups and the following enteropathogens were searched for: Rotavirus, Escherichia coli (EPEC, ETEC, EIEC, EHEC), Salmonella sp, Shigella sp, Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli, Yersinia enterocolitica, Cryptosporidium sp, Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica.

[Renal scintigraphy using technetium dimercaptosuccinic acid in the diagnosis of pyelonephritis in children: study of 17 cases].

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the presence of abnormal results in DMSA renal scintigraphy indicates pyelonephritis. METHODS: We performed the washout test in 17 children with urinary tract infection, as a criterion standard, to locate the infection site. All the children underwent DMSA renal scintigraphy in the acute phase of the disease.