Examination of the Effect of Switching Dialysis Membranes on the Immune Response to Influenza Virus Vaccination in Hemodialysis Patients.

Introduction: In this study, we examined the effect of switching dialysis membranes on the response to influenza virus vaccination in HD patients.

Methods: This study consisted of two phases. In phase 1, antibody titers were measured and compared between HD patients and healthy volunteers (HVs) before and after vaccination against influenza virus.

Reorientation and faulting of Pluto due to volatile loading within Sputnik Planitia.

Pluto is an astoundingly diverse, geologically dynamic world. The dominant feature is Sputnik Planitia-a tear-drop-shaped topographic depression approximately 1,000 kilometres in diameter possibly representing an ancient impact basin. The interior of Sputnik Planitia is characterized by a smooth, craterless plain three to four kilometres beneath the surrounding rugged uplands, and represents the surface of a massive unit of actively convecting volatile ices (N, CH and CO) several kilometres thick.

Gravity field of the Orientale basin from the Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory Mission.

The Orientale basin is the youngest and best-preserved major impact structure on the Moon. We used the Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) spacecraft to investigate the gravitational field of Orientale at 3- to 5-kilometer (km) horizontal resolution. A volume of at least (3.

Lunar true polar wander inferred from polar hydrogen.

The earliest dynamic and thermal history of the Moon is not well understood. The hydrogen content of deposits near the lunar poles may yield insight into this history, because these deposits (which are probably composed of water ice) survive only if they remain in permanent shadow. If the orientation of the Moon has changed, then the locations of the shadowed regions will also have changed.

Late Tharsis formation and implications for early Mars.

The Tharsis region is the largest volcanic complex on Mars and in the Solar System. Young lava flows cover its surface (from the Amazonian period, less than 3 billion years ago) but its growth started during the Noachian era (more than 3.7 billion years ago).