Retrocaval ureter: a case report and review of the literature.

Background: The retrocaval ureter is a rare congenital anomaly resulting from abnormal development of the inferior vena cava. The obstruction is usually at the retrocaval segment of the ureter, as it lies between the inferior vena cava and the body of the third lumbar vertebra. Computed tomography intravenous urography is the gold standard for investigating this condition and can reveal ipsilateral hydronephrosis and the fishhook sign or sickle sign of the proximal ureter, depending on the type of retrocaval ureter.

Surgical management of high-grade vesicoureteral reflux in an 18-month-old female with a solitary kidney: A case report from a resource-limited setting.

Key Clinical Message: Conservative nonsurgical therapy ensures that the resolution is nearly 80% for vesicoureteral reflux grades I and II and 30%-50% for vesicoureteral reflux grades III and V within 4-5 years of follow-up. Open surgical reimplantation of ureters of grades IV and V is a highly successful procedure, with reported correction rates ranging from 95% to 99% regardless of the severity of vesicoureteral reflux.

Abstract: Patients with vesicoureteral reflux present with a wide range of severity.

Patient trust and positive attitudes maximize non-communicable diseases management in rural Tanzania.

The objectives of this study were to identify difficulties and their related contexts non-communicable disease (NCD) patients in rural Tanzania experienced, examine how patients managed the situation by seeking better treatment of the diseases, and propose a realistic approach for optimizing disease management with long-term perspectives in resource-limited settings, based on views of patients (PTs), health-care providers (HPs), and health volunteers (HVs). Nine focus group discussions were performed with 56 participants of PTs, HPs, and HVs in three district hospitals in the Dodoma region. Their views and self-care practices were extracted, and the verbatim data were analyzed to derive codes and categories.

Reaching Patients With Noncommunicable Diseases in Rural Tanzania Using Mobile Devices and Community Trust: Qualitative Study.

Background: A health service using mobile devices, mobile health (mHealth), has been widely applied to programs focusing on maternal and child health and communicable diseases in sub-Saharan African countries. However, mHealth apps for noncommunicable disease (NCD) services remain limited.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the acceptability and potential usability of SMS text messaging for patients and health care providers for the management of NCDs as part of an implementation research in rural Tanzania.