A Mouse Model of Mild Infection for the Characterization of Natural Immune Responses.

(1) Background: We describe a model of primary mild- infection (CDI) in a naïve host, including gut microbiota analysis, weight loss, mortality, length of colonization. This model was used in order to describe the kinetics of humoral (IgG, IgM) and mucosal (IgA) immune responses against toxins (TcdA/TcdB) and surface proteins (SlpA/FliC). (2) Methods: A total of 10 CFU vegetative forms of 630Δ were used for challenge by oral administration after dysbiosis, induced by a cocktail of antibiotics.

Inulin prebiotic reinforces host cancer immunosurveillance ɣδ T cell activation.

The gut microbiota is now recognized as a key parameter affecting the host's anti-cancer immunosurveillance and ability to respond to immunotherapy. Therefore, optimal modulation for preventive and therapeutic purposes is very appealing. Diet is one of the most potent modulators of microbiota, and thus nutritional intervention could be exploited to improve host anti-cancer immunity.

Higher Atazanavir Plasma Exposure in Rats is Associated with Gut Microbiota Changes Induced by Cotrimoxazole.

Background: Cotrimoxazole (TMP-SMX) is concomitantly used as a primary prophylaxis of opportunistic infections with antiretroviral agents, such as Atazanavir (ATV). Results from an ex vivo study showed changes in intestinal absorption of ATV when rats were pretreated with TMP-SMX. The objective of this in vivo study is to determine the effect of TMP-SMX on the pharmacokinetics of ATV in rats.

Oral administration of viable Bifidobacterium pseudolongum strain Patronus modified colonic microbiota and increased mucus layer thickness in rat.

This study aimed at evaluating the alteration of the colonic microbiota and the changes in the mucus layer thickness induced by oral administration of living bifidobacteria in rats. The study was performed on rats fed with Bifidobacterium pseudolongum strain Patronus (1010 bacteria per day for 7 days). This bacterial administration led to a large increase of mucus thickness (57%, P < 0.