Assessment of fetal optic chiasm: an echoanatomic and reproducibility study.

Objectives: Our aims were: (1) to perform an echoanatomic correlation study, in order to confirm that the structure identified as the optic chiasm (OC) on ultrasound (US) is indeed this anatomical structure; (2) to assess and compare the reproducibility of two- (2D) and three-(3D) dimensional US in measurement of the OC in normal fetuses; and (3) to assess whether the spatial orientation of the OC changes with increasing gestational age.

Methods: For the echoanatomic study, the OC was studied in a neonatal specimen, deceased at 29 + 4 weeks, by passing a suture around the OC and visualizing the supposed OC structure on US while pulling gently on the suture. The reproducibility study included 39 women with normal pregnancy at 20-33 weeks undergoing routine obstetric US examination.

Intraoperative frozen section risk assessment accurately tailors the surgical staging in patients affected by early-stage endometrial cancer: the application of 2 different risk algorithms.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the frozen section (FS) accuracy in tailoring the surgical staging of patients affected by endometrial cancer, using 2 different risk classifications.

Methods/materials: A retrospective analysis of 331 women affected by type I endometrial cancer and submitted to FS assessment at the time of surgery. Pathologic features were examined on the frozen and permanent sections according to both the GOG33 and the Mayo Clinic algorithms.

Autophagy in placentas from acidotic newborns: an immunohistochemical study of LC3 expression.

Autophagy is an inducible catabolic process activated during compromised conditions, such as hypoxia. Neonatal encephalopathy (NE) is a syndrome of disturbed neurological function. No absolute prognostic indicators are available at birth to identify neonates at high risk to develop NE.

Frozen section pathology at time of hysterectomy accurately predicts endometrial cancer in patients with preoperative diagnosis of atypical endometrial hyperplasia.

Objectives: A significant number of women diagnosed with atypical endometrial hyperplasia (AEH) on endometrial biopsy will be diagnosed with endometrial cancer (EC) on the hysterectomy specimen at permanent section. Surgical treatment for AEH and EC differ substantially. We have assessed the concordance in EC between frozen and permanent sections on patients undergoing hysterectomy for AEH.