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This clinical review article aims to describe symptoms and findings in cases of paediatric tracheobronchomalacia to help achieve the correct diagnosis and treatment. Symptoms and signs vary from reduced physical stamina, barking cough, productive cough and gurgling to obstructive episodes or episodes with stridor, which in some cases can be life-threatening. The range of symptoms overlaps with other pulmonary diseases, such as asthma, which increases the risk of misdiagnosis and treatment error.

Mechanically assisted cough strategies: user perspectives and cough flows in children with neurodisability.

Background: Mechanical insufflation-exsufflation (MI-E) is used to augment cough in children with neurodisability. We aimed to determine the user comfort and cough flows during three MI-E strategies, and to predict factors associated with improved comfort and cough flows.

Methods: This multicentre, crossover trial was done at four regional hospitals in Norway.

ERCP for the initial management of malignant biliary obstruction - real world data on 596 procedures.

Aims: To evaluate outcomes of ERCP as first-line management in patients with malignant biliary obstruction (MBO) of all causes and stages, reflecting a real-life setting.

Methods: Retrospective observational study of patients with ERCP as the first-line management of MBO at Oslo University Hospital between 2015 and 2021. Primary outcome measure was  ≥ 50% decrease from the pre-procedural bilirubin within 30 days after ERCP.

User-perceived impact of long-term mechanical assisted cough in paediatric neurodisability.

Aim: To (1) compare the perceived benefit of long-term mechanical insufflation-exsufflation (MI-E) of children with neuromuscular disorders (NMDs) and central nervous system (CNS) disorders, including health care needs and treatment routines and (2) describe the children's health-related quality of life (HRQoL).

Method: This cross-sectional study used a questionnaire and memory card data to assess the perceived benefit of MI-E via the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS; 10 maximum), willingness to pause treatment, level of health care needs before and after MI-E initiation, and the children's treatment routines. A DISABKIDS questionnaire assessed HRQoL (100 maximum).