The pupillary effects of intravenous morphine, codeine, and tramadol in volunteers.

Opioid analgesics have pharmacological effects in many organ systems, including the eye. Because the metabolites of morphine and codeine contribute to their overall pharmacological effect pupil diameter measurements were made over a 6-h period. We studied the pupillary effects of IV morphine (0.

Rectal paracetamol has a significant morphine-sparing effect after hysterectomy.

We have evaluated the morphine-sparing effect of rectal paracetamol during the first 24 h after abdominal hysterectomy in a placebo-controlled, double-blind study. We studied 72 patients receiving patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) with i.v.

A comparison of the effects of intravenous tramadol, codeine, and morphine on gastric emptying in human volunteers.

Unlabelled: We compared the effects of i.v. tramadol (1.

Analgesia after day case laparoscopic sterilisation. A comparison of tramadol with paracetamol/dextropropoxyphene and paracetamol/codeine combinations.

In a prospective, double-blind trial we compared the analgesic efficacy of tramadol during the first 24 h after day case laparoscopic sterilisation with two commonly prescribed combination analgesics. Seventy-five women were allocated randomly to receive oral paracetamol 325 mg/dextropropoxyphene hydrochloride 32.5 mg, tramadol 50 mg or paracetamol 500 mg/codeine phosphate 30 mg as required after a standardised anaesthetic technique.

A study of the anatomy of the caudal space using magnetic resonance imaging.

We have studied, in 37 adult patients, the anatomy of the sacral extradural (caudal) space using magnetic resonance imaging. The sacrococcygeal membrane (SCM) could not be detected in 10.8% of patients.