Germline mutations predisposing to melanoma and associated malignancies and syndromes: a narrative review.

The pathogenesis of melanoma is influenced by a complex combination of environmental factors and individual genetic susceptibility. Familial melanoma refers to cases where there are two first-degree relatives with a melanoma diagnosis. Less strict definitions include second-degree relatives or even three or more of any degree from the same family, although this is not clearly defined in the literature.