Benefits and costs of measures to tackle the outbreak of African swine fever in Sweden.

A common rule in many countries for mitigating the damage caused by African swine fever (ASF) is to eradicate the virus at the outbreak in order to prevent its dispersal and the associated social costs of depopulating infected domestic pigs. The economic performance of this practice, as measured by five different evaluation criteria (net present value, benefit-cost ratio, rate of return, internal rate of return, and payback time), depends on the type of control cost and the spatial and dynamic allocation of benefits, i.e.

Effects of shipping on non-indigenous species in the Baltic Sea.

Shipping is regarded as an important vector for aquatic non-indigenous species (ANIS) worldwide. Less attention has been paid to its role in relation to environmental and economic causes of introduction and establishment, the knowledge of which is necessary to assess effects of changes in regulations on shipping. The purpose of this study was to estimate the impact of shipping on the incidence of ANIS in the Baltic Sea compared with environmental and economic factors.

Effect of Nickel as Stress Factor on Phenol Biodegradation by KB2.

This study focuses on the phenol biodegradation kinetics by KB2 in a nickel-contaminated medium. Initial tests proved that a nickel concentration of 33.3 mg·L caused a cessation of bacterial growth.

Air pollutants from shipping: Costs of NO emissions to the Baltic Sea.

Despite a large body of literature on the calculations of costs of air emissions from shipping, calculations of damages to the marine water are missing. This paper calculated the costs of NO emissions from shipping entering an environmentally heterogeneous sea by applying the abatement cost approach. The total costs and unit shadow cost of NO were then calculated by means of the marginal abatement cost for international agreements on targets of nitrogen loads to the sea.

A review on the environmental impacts of shipping on aquatic and nearshore ecosystems.

There are several environmental and ecological effects of shipping. However, these are rarely assessed in total in the scientific literature. Thus, the aim of this study was to summarize the different impacts of water-based transport on aquatic and nearshore ecosystems and to identify knowledge gaps and areas for future research.