Insights into the Aggressiveness of the Emerging North American Population 3 (NA3) of .

In the United States and Canada, () is the predominant etiological agent of Fusarium head blight (FHB), an economically devastating fungal disease of wheat and other small grains Besides yield losses, FHB leads to grain contamination with trichothecene mycotoxins that are harmful to plant, human, and livestock health. Three genetic North American populations of , differing in their predominant trichothecene chemotype (i.e.

A Novel Trichothecene Toxin Phenotype Associated with Horizontal Gene Transfer and a Change in Gene Function in .

trichothecenes are among the mycotoxins of most concern to food and feed safety. Production of these mycotoxins and presence of the trichothecene biosynthetic gene () cluster have been confirmed in only two multispecies lineages of : the - (Incarnatum) and (Sambucinum) species complexes. Here, we identified and characterized a cluster in a species that has not been formally described and is represented by sp.

Multilocus molecular phylogenetic-led discovery and formal recognition of four novel root-colonizing species from northern Kazakhstan and the phylogenetically divergent lineage.

In this study, DNA sequence data were used to characterize 290 strains isolated during a survey of root-colonizing endophytic fungi of agricultural and nonagricultural plants in northern Kazakhstan. The collection was screened for species identity using partial translation elongation factor 1-α () gene sequences. Altogether, 16 different species were identified, including eight known and four novel species, as well as the discovery of the phylogenetically divergent lineage.

Population Genetic Analysis of , a Guaraná Pathogen, Reveals High Genetic Diversity in the Amazonas State, Brazil.

Guaraná is indigenous to the Brazilian Amazon where it has cultural and agroeconomic significance. However, its cultivation is constrained by a disease termed oversprouting of guaraná caused by , with yield losses reaching as high as 100%. The disease can affect different parts of the plant, causing floral hypertrophy and hyperplasia, stem galls, and oversprouting of vegetative buds.

and , two novel species in the clade supported by multilocus molecular phylogenetic analyses.

This study was conducted to elucidate evolutionary relationships and species diversity within the species complex (FBSC). We also evaluate the potential of these species to produce mycotoxins and other bioactive secondary metabolites. Maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony analyses of sequences from portions of four marker loci (ITS rDNA, , and ) and the combined 4495 bp data set support recognition of seven genealogically exclusive species within the FBSC.