Dipole pattern of meridional atmospheric internal energy transport across the Arctic gate.

High-latitude atmospheric meridional energy transport plays a fundamental role in the Arctic climate system. However, despite numerous studies, there are no established clear regional features of the atmospheric energy transport components from a large-scale perspective. This study aims at investigating the internal energy and its instantaneous sensible and latent heat transports in the troposphere across the Arctic gate at 70°N using the high-resolution climate reanalysis ERA5.

Role of Greenland Freshwater Anomaly in the Recent Freshening of the Subpolar North Atlantic.

The cumulative Greenland freshwater flux anomaly has exceeded 5,000 km since the 1990s. The volume of this surplus freshwater is expected to cause substantial freshening in the North Atlantic. Analysis of hydrographic observations in the subpolar seas reveals freshening signals in the 2010s.