Analysis of Primary Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Cells' Signaling Pathways.

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by a specific expansion of mature B-cell clones. We hypothesized that the disease has a heterogeneous clinical outcome that depends on the genes and signaling pathways active in the malignant clone of the individual patient. It was found that several signaling pathways are active in CLL, namely, NOTCH1, the Ikaros family genes, BCL2, and NF-κB, all of which contribute to cell survival and the proliferation of the leukemic clone.

Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Krohem B-Cll 2017.

Recent developments in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) have led to change of approach in clinical practice. New treatments have been approved based on the results of randomized multicenter trials for first line and for salvage therapy, and the results of numerous ongoing clinical trials are permanently providing new answers and further refining of therapeutic strategies. This is paralleled by substantial increase in understanding the disease genetics due to major advances in the next generation sequencing (NGS) technology.

Fine-needle aspiration cytology yield as a basis for morphological, molecular, and cytogenetic diagnosis in alk-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma with atypical clinical presentation.

ALK positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma is a T-cell lymphoma usually occurring in children and young adults. It frequently involves lymph nodes and extranodal sites and is associated with favorable prognosis. A 20-year old man was admitted for painful mass in the left axilla with overlying skin redness.

Hydronephrotic Kidney Previously Treated for Tuberculosis: Rare Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Renal Pelvis Diagnosed by Fine-needle Aspiration Cytology.

Primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the renal pelvis is a very rare tumor often associated with renal calculi and chronic infections. There are only a few articles in literature which report renal pelvis SCC in kidneys treated for renal tuberculosis, diagnosed after nephrectomy. We report the case of SCC in a hydronephrotic kidney previously treated for tuberculosis, diagnosed by ultrasound (US)-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), prior to core biopsy and nephrectomy.

Notch affects the prodifferentiating effect of retinoic acid and PMA on leukemic cells.

Notch proteins determine cell fate decisions in the development of diverse tissues. Notch has been initially found in T-ALL but its role has been also studied in myelopoiesis and myeloid leukemias. Studies in different model systems have led to a widespread controversy as to whether Notch promotes or blocks myeloid differentiation.